The Global Coordination Problem: Collective Action among Unequal States

»Das globale Koordinationsproblem: Kollektives Handeln zwischen ungleichen Staaten«. The most pressing problems facing mankind today re-quire for their solution some form of worldwide collective action at the level of states. In order to combat the global threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, wealthy countries must cooperate to provide vaccines for people in low-in-come countries, if only to prevent these populations from becoming breeding grounds for new strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that will also endanger the richer nations. Another, even more pertinent case is the campaign against global warming, which requires concerted action by committed state regimes to curtail the worldwide emission of greenhouse gases. Such figurations give rise to the classic dilemmas of collective action. Throughout human history, with ups and downs, the scale of collective action has extended. This is a cor-ollary of the gradual increase in the scale of governance, from villages to small kingdoms to nation states. National economies, too, have expanded with the increasing control and consumption of fossil energy, as Johan Goudsblom has demonstrated. By the end of the 19th century, nation states were the larg-est units of effective coordination, each one comprising between one and a hundred million citizens. In the course of the 20th century, a few entities have evolved to the next higher order of magnitude with hundreds of millions, or more than a billion citizens and with a gross national product exceeding in most cases 10 trillion US dollars: these "gigants” are China, the USA, India, and the EU. They are at present the initiators and managers of global collective action. The recent COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent coordination problem. The enduring climate crisis evokes very similar dilemmas of collective action. The Russian invasion of Ukraine quite suddenly compelled the USA and the EU to join in antagonistic collaboration and overcome chal-lenges that were much the same. State actors resort to a limited set of strat-egies and practices in order to overcome the pitfalls of collective action and the gigants have a leading role in coordinating them. © 2023, GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on milk production per hectare in Ecuadorian herds

Dairy production systems in Ecuador have been studied in the last 10 years. During the Covid-2019 pandemic, the entire human society was harmed and agricultural activities affected by the disease and by the restrictions implemented to prevent its spread. The dairy industry did not escape this global situation and was affected in various countries. Reports from Ecuador and Asian countries indicate the unfavorable effect that this global health emergency situation had on dairy production. However, according to a report by the Argentine Dairy Chain Observatory1, world milk production had a constant growth of around 3%. It is considered that the activities carried out by veterinarians, milking and animal handling operators, inseminators and by the personnel dedicated to the management of paddocks were affected by Covid-19. Likewise, the supply of medicines, agricultural inputs and technology had a critical situation due to the pandemic. In addition, the response times were not always adequate, especially due to the absenteeism of livestock personnel, human mortality and effects on the health and well-being of people . Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the effects the pandemic could have on the country's cattle farms. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the pandemic period affected milk production per hectare per year in Ecuadorian herds.

Modern innovation strategy in the hotel sector

One of the economic engines of the world is the leisure and hospitality sector. The industry's rapid embrace of new technology in recent years has significantly changed the manner that Both giving and receiving services. This study examines examine some of the most cutting-edge technology available today employed in the hotel sector and their working conditions boosting visitor experiences and transforming the hospitality platform for services. We also think about some possible futures. We might anticipate hospitality services as the Internet of IoT technology is continually developing. We continue to debate Several major obstacles must be overcome in order to implement a long-term, future-proof hospitality solution industry. Because the hospitality sector is very competitive and those who do not adapt are left behind, it is crucial to not only stay on top of the most recent technological advances but also to change with the times. In the context of COVID, keeping an eye on the pulse is especially crucial because consumer expectations and requirements are always changing.

Optimal control to limit the spread of COVID-19 in Italy. (Special issue on COVID.)

We apply optimal control theory to a generalized SEIR-type model. The proposed system has three controls, representing social distancing, preventive means, and treatment measures to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze such optimal control problem with respect to real data transmission in Italy. Our results show the appropriateness of the model, in particular with respect to the number of quarantined/hospitalized (confirmed and infected) and recovered individuals. Considering the Pontryagin controls, we show how in a perfect world one could drastically diminish the number of susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined/hospitalized, and death individuals, by increasing the population of insusceptible/protected.

The use of zakat in the pandemic response: the case of Islamic Relief and BAZNAS in Indonesia

This article compares two Islamic organisations, a non-governmental and a national one, in their methods of collecting and distributing zakat, and analyses how they addressed the COVID-19 crisis with these funds in the period 2020–2021. The study examines Islamic Relief as a Muslim non-governmental organisation involved in humanitarian response, and the National Board of the Zakat Republic of Indonesia (BAZNAS) as a centralised national institution. Both of them are working to improve zakat management, due to the awareness of its untapped potential, but the measure of impacts and allocation of resources diverge in strategies and efforts. Considering their different structures, a comparison based on parallel analysis of collecting methods, distributing channels and programmes financed shows the limits, potentials and best practices of these two institutions committed to zakat management and its improvement.

Worldwide research trends on bronchiolitis in pediatrics.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in cases of bronchiolitis among children. As a result, there has been a corresponding increase in the number of publications on this topic. It is essential to examine the main areas of focus within the scientific literature to understand the current trends in research on pediatric bronchiolitis. This research aims to analyze the types of scientific advances related to pediatric bronchiolitis, the research trends being pursued, and the countries and research institutions leading these efforts. By understanding these aspects of bronchiolitis research, we can better understand the current state of knowledge and identify areas where further research is needed. METHODS: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on pediatric bronchiolitis, all relevant publications were retrieved from the Scopus database. The Scopus API and the SW VosViewer software with optimized modularity functions were used. This analysis was intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on this topic, including the types of scientific advances being developed, the research trends being pursued, and the countries and research institutions leading these efforts. RESULTS: A total of 3810 publications were reviewed. We observed an increasing number of publications, particularly in recent years. Of these, 73.7% were articles, 95% were written in English, and 29.4% were from the United States. The main keywords used in these publications included: human, bronchiolitis, child, preschool, preschool child, major clinical study, controlled study, pneumonia, asthma, adolescent, hospitalization, infant, and newborn. These keywords were grouped into six clusters: outpatient management, long-term consequences, etiology, intensive care management, diagnostic methods, and the main cluster, which focused on hospital treatment and clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS: The bibliometric analysis of bronchiolitis research in pediatrics reveals that there has been a significant increase in the number of publications on this topic, particularly in recent years. Most of these publications are articles written in English and published in the United States. The main keywords used in these studies relate to various aspects of bronchiolitis, including diagnosis, treatment, and long-term consequences. The results of this analysis suggest that bronchiolitis is a topic of significant interest and concern for researchers and practitioners in the field of pediatrics and that further research is needed to improve our understanding and management of this condition.

National Survey of Fitness Trends in Spain for 2023

Since the pioneering edition for the year 2017, the National Surveys of Fitness Trends have been developed in Spain, reproducing the methodology of the worldwide surveys promoted by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). As every year, the objective of this study is to identify the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector by showing the results of the survey carried out for 2023, as well as to compare the results with those reported in the national and worldwide surveys of 2022. In addition, the possible impact of COVID-19 on the trends that, according to the respondents, will be more relevant in 2023 was also analyzed. The survey was sent through electronic platforms to 7,143 professionals related to the fitness sector, obtaining a response rate of 7.3%. Of the 506 total responses, 31.2% were from women. The top five trends for 2023 were, in decreasing order: "functional fitness training ", "small group personal training ", "personal training ", "hiring certified professionals " and "strength training with free weights ". The trends in the top-20 in Spain for 2023 were very similar to those of 2022, both in the number of matches (18 common trends) and in the positions held (within the top-10 there were 9 trends common to both surveys). Analogous to what happened in past editions, there was a greater discrepancy between the Spanish survey for 2023 and the worldwide survey for 2022, with 13 common trends in the top-20 and only four coincidences within the top-10. These results continue to confirm, consistent with previous editions, the stability of trends in the Spanish fitness sector and the greater divergence from worldwide trends.

Interactive technologies of brand formation of territories for their promotion in the market of tourist and hotel services

In the context of the intensification of digital technology development and the increasing impact of modern challenges, the problem of attracting innovations in the field of tourism and hotel services is becoming more urgent. Growing trends in competitiveness in the market of tourism and hotel services necessitate increasing the parameters of brand formation of territories to promote them, and interactive technologies become an effective tool for this. The purpose of the article is theoretical and applied aspects of the study of interactive technologies for the formation of brand territories to promote them in the market of tourism and hotel services. The methodological basis of the study consists of such methods of economic analysis and scientific cognition as system analysis, synthesis, scientific ion, statistical analysis, analogy, comparison, functional analysis, cluster analysis (based on the k-means method), grouping, tabular, graphical, generalization and systematization. The results of the study have revealed that the use of interactive technologies in the formation of the brand of territories for their promotion in the market of tourist and hotel services is a necessity of our time and is due to the latest challenges and global dangers. It has been established that the formation of the brand of territories for their promotion in the market of tourist and hotel services is a complex and multi-stage process that requires the definition of tactical features and strategic priorities for its development. The results of empirical research have proven a significant dependence of the formation of the brand of territories for their successful promotion in the market of tourism and hotel services on the influence of factors and challenges of our time. It has been established that the COVID-19 pandemic did not contribute to a decrease in the share of tourists to highly developed countries in Europe, in particular, in 2020, 86.9 million people went to France, 81.8 million people to Spain, 58.3 million people to Italy, 37.7 million people to the UK, 37.5 million people to Germany, 29.5 million people to Austria, 27.2 million people to Greece and 21.2 million people to Portugal. It was achieved owing to the well-known brands of the territories of these countries and the transition to modern innovative interactive technologies for attracting customers and providing tourism services. The necessity of strengthening the innovative component of tourism and hospitality development in transit countries is substantiated, which is due to the inefficiency of their use of the existing tourism potential.

Fostering landscape immunity to protect human health: a science-based rationale for shifting conservation policy paradigms

Anthropogenic land use change is a major driver of zoonotic pathogen spillover from wildlife to humans. According to the land use-induced spillover model, land use change alters environmental conditions that in turn alter the dynamics between zoonotic pathogens and their wildlife hosts. Thus, in response to the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the agent of COVID-19 disease), there have been renewed calls for landscape conservation as a disease preventive measure, including by the G7 Ministers responsible for Climate and the Environment. Landscape immunity, as a new construct, points to four paradigm shifts the world must favor to effectively mitigate pandemic risks. We provide a landscape immunity primer for policy makers and make the case for "world views" that place Homo sapiens within ecological systems, regard human health as an ecological service, prioritize investments in prevention, and apply ecological restoration to human health goals. Crisis is a conversation starter for reimagining and recommitting ourselves to what is most vital and generative. We urge world leaders to make the move to a nature-positive world.

COVID-19 as a catalyst of food security crisis. whether the existing system of agriculture can remain the same

From 2019 to 2022, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global percentage of hunger rose by 150 million people, which is 10% of the world population. At the same time, one-third of food is thrown away because it cannot reach the final consumer. Climate change, natural catastrophes, wars leading to humanitarian crises are the main and ongoing causes of hunger. COVID- 19 acted as an accelerator of processes that exacerbate the food security crisis, to which import-dependent countries are especially sensitive. Quarantine that was introduced as a tool to combat the spread of the COVID-19 acted as a catalyst of social, economic, political, ecological, and food crisis that is displayed in the global economic system and in agriculture - its subsystem. At first glance, the increase in the percentage of starving populations on the planet is explained by poverty and the inability to purchase basic food products;a rise in prices was caused by breaks in logistics chains, the increase in the price of energy carriers, and economic shifts caused by the lockdown. In practice, despite the constantly growing volumes of global production of agro-industrial products, the balance between demand and supply of products that ensure the world's food security has been disturbed. The research problem lies in the insufficient determination of intangible causes of hunger, other than those caused by poverty and social inequality. The aim of the research is to show the prospects of the aggravation the food security crisis due to excess of food demand over supply, and to propose theoretical ways out of the crisis. The quantitative method of panel data research was used to prepare the article. The visualization method was used to simplify the perception of the proposed array of information. It is possible to overcome such social problems as hunger, poverty, climate and ecology problems caused by the increase in the temperature on the planet's surface, ocean pollution, and soil degradation only through adaptation and achieving synergy between the planet's ecosystems. Agriculture as a main factor of food security should be transformed through implementing principles of climate-optimized agriculture and blue economy (use of ocean resources) as a source of "blue food" to achieve food sustainability.

Routine vaccination coverage - worldwide, 2021

This article discusses the worldwide routine vaccination coverage in 2021, as part of the Immunisation Agenda 2030, a global immunisation strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. The report presents global, regional, and national estimates and trends in vaccination coverage through 2021, based on reviews of country-specific data, including administrative and survey-based coverage. Global estimates show that coverage with 3 doses of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis-containing vaccine (DTPcv3) and the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) decreased to their lowest levels since 2008. In 2021, 25.0 million infants were not vaccinated with DTPcv3, 2.1 million more than in 2020, and 5.9 million more than in 2019. The number of zero-dose children was 37% higher than in 2019, with 18.2 million infants not receiving any DTPcv dose by the age of 12 months. The report highlights that the full recovery from disruptions to immunisation programmes due to the COVID-19 pandemic will require context-specific strategies to find missed children, prioritise essential health services, and strengthen immunisation programmes to prevent outbreaks.

Projected sugar surplus in 2022/23 is growing

As the world was emerging from the Covid-19 pandemic earlier this year, it was thrown off course by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Geopolitical instability and conflicts now remain a top concern as the greatest risk to global growth over the next 12 months. Production costs are rising. We are in a totally new world, and companies are going to have to reconfigure how they think about their operations. Against this backdrop, the global sugar industry, invariably sucked in the vortex of the storm will have to manage. Sugar prices are holding up, moderated as much by climate volatility dictating uncertainty and macroeconomic indicators, in particular the value of US$. Global sugar production in 2022/23 (Oct/Sep) is forecast at 191.1 million tonnes raw value (mtrv) while the consumption is expected to rise by 0.9% to 186.8 million tonnes suggesting a global surplus following the deficit of 2.2 mtrv in the previous year. Sugar production in the top-producing countries Brazil, India and Thailand will sway the market as will the top consumers Indonesia and China.

Summary of global surveillance data of infectious diseases in December 2022

In December 2022, a total of 68 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 235 countries and regions. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and regions were COVID-19 (235), monkeypox (110), dengue fever (28), measles (27) and cholera (14). The top five infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were Ebola virus disease (47.0%), Rift Valley fever (44.2%), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (40.0%), Lassa fever (17.6%) and West Nile fever (7.6%). The top five infectious diseases with greatest number of deaths were COVID-19, malaria, cholera, dengue fever and measles. The prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were COVID-19, cholera and dengue fever, the prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were COVID-19, cholera, yellow fever, Lassa fever, monkeypox, malaria and measles, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were COVID-19, cholera, monkeypox, dengue fever and chikungunya fever, the prevalent infectious disease in Europe were COVID-19, monkeypox and invasive group A streptococcus infection.

COVID-19 vaccine development and rollout in historical perspective

In mid-2022, profound inequities in the pace and level of coverage of COVID-19 vaccination persist, especially in the world's poorest countries. Yet despite this inequity, we find that global COVID-19 vaccine development and diffusion has been the most rapid in history, everywhere. This paper explores the historical record in the development and deployment of vaccines globally, and puts the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in that context. Although far more can and should be done to drive higher coverage in the lowest-income countries, it is worth noting the revolutionary speed of both the vaccine development and diffusion process, and the potential good news that this signals for the future of pandemic preparedness and response. This is an updated version of a paper initially issued in February 2022.

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance worldwide: a rapid review

Background: While vaccines are acknowledged as one of the most successful public health measures, an increasing number of people doubt the safety or necessity of vaccines. We aimed to assess and identify the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination acceptance worldwide. Materials and Methods: In this review, a systemic search of online databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIVILICA, and Google Scholar search engine) was conducted for related studies with no time limit up to December 2021. Results: The percentage of individuals willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine across worldwide studies ranged from 23.1% to 92%. Willingness to vaccinate was dependent on factors such as male gender, older age groups (aged 65 or older), race (Asian race), higher income, ethnicity (Hispanic ethnicity), specialists' recommendations, access barriers (location of vaccine delivery, relative cost, time and distance to access vaccine), and a higher level of education. Hesitancy was mostly driven by vaccine safety concerns, perceived effectiveness, distrust in health officials or public health experts to ensure vaccine safety, lack of vaccine offer or lack of communication from trusted providers and community, vaccine characteristics (i.e., ways the vaccine will be administered and where the vaccine is made), and speed of vaccine development and was associated with fear of known or unknown long-term side effects. Conclusion: The top three reasons people agree to vaccinate were "to protect themselves and others", "belief in vaccination and science", and "to help stop the virus spread". Willingness to vaccinate differed by age, gender, race, income status, ethnicity, specialists' recommendations, access barriers (including the location of vaccine delivery, relative cost, time, and distance to access a vaccine), and education.

The INFN Experience in Supporting and Improving HEP Outreach

INFN is recognized as an Italian excellence in science. Born in 1951, over time it created a worldwide network of activities spanning from high-energy physics at the most powerful accelerators, to the search for Dark Matter and rare events in deep underground laboratories, flanking the operations of four national laboratories in Italy. However, until a couple of decades ago, its role was not adequately appreciated by the Italian public at large. Since the beginning of the millennium INFN unfurled a strategy aimed not only to promote its image, but also to improve the transfer of knowledge acquired in its operation to different actors. In this paper we will deal with the improvement of outreach, presenting the strategies pursed, and some of the paths followed to this aim. Due to space limitations only a schematic view of a twenty-something years of work will be presented. In the conclusion we will report the results of an external evaluation of our efforts. In this paper we will not discuss the program of refresher courses for teachers, despite their relevance in our strategy to improve INFN participation in lifelong learning activities for the Italian society. Likewise, despite its centrality to improve INFN capability in the realm of outreach, we will not present the training program aimed to our personnel involved in science communication, and we will not touch the complex activity recently started to assess the impact of INFN communication efforts. Finally, we do not discuss the initiatives and the strategies pursued in 2020-2022 due to the COVID19 pandemia, despite the importance of outreach actions taken by the Institute. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Study of the Relationships between COVID-19, Associated Diseases, and Vitamins

Background: Some vitamins play a beneficial role in the immune system and certain diseases may be associated with an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases and mortality. Objective(s): In this work, we aim to verify a possible relationship between vitamin A, vitamin D, sunlight, and COVID-19 cases and mortality. We also aim to study the relationship between chronic diseases and COVID-19 in the world. Method(s): We consulted online databases (Johns Hopkins, World Life Expectancy, NASA, and World Health Organization) and used SPSS (v23) for statistical analysis. Result(s): We found that countries with the highest number of cases and deaths by COVID-19 are the countries with the highest death rates from different types of cancer and multiple sclerosis. Besides, the relationship between cancer death rate and COVID-19 is not biased by the life expectancy. We also found that the low solar incidence and low vitamins A and D levels can be related to the number of cases and deaths by COVID-19. Conclusion(s): Our findings suggest a relationship between different cancer types and multiple sclerosis death rates and COVID-19. We also recommend that vitamins D and A may play a protective role in COVID-19 infection.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

A review on global pandemic corona virus: current status of diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Coronavirus or Covid-19 is a new kind of viral respiratory tract disease which was declared as a lethal pandemic for the world. COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. The most common symptoms include fever, sore throat and dry cough. But some patients are asymptomatic also which somehow increases the risk for transmission. More than 210 countries are currently facing this disease and are fighting from COVID-19 but better approaches of diagnostics and medical facilities have helped some countries to recover at some extent. Some vaccines are under development for SARSCoV-2 infection and once it will be approved and available for human use, it will help a lot in controlling this pandemic.

Lithuanian gastronomic tourism potential: opportunities and perspectives

Purpose - the aim of this paper is to analyze the gastronomic tourism trends in the world and in Lithuania, to determine the opportunities and the potential of gastronomic tourism in Lithuania and to provide recommendations for its development. Design - the theoretical part gives the understanding of gastronomic tourism in the world and its potential in Lithuania. The research gives an understanding of gastronomic tourism situation in Lithuania. Methodology - the research was done using analysis of scientific literature, secondary data analysis method of analysis and synthesis, quantitative research. The quantitative method used in this paper is a survey conducted among the local travelers. The results of the research were statistically processed using the Excel. Approach - gastronomic tourism is becoming an increasingly popular area of tourism, generating billions in revenue for businesses worldwide. According to the Global Report on Food Tourism, 79 percent travelers travel itinerary consists of a pre-analyzed calendar of gastronomic events and local cuisine, one in three travelers consider national cuisine to be a motivating travel choice and spends about 30 percent on food of total travel expenses. Findings - in Lithuania, gastronomic travel is still a relatively new niche in tourism. In recent years, this area of tourism has attracted considerable interest from foreign tourists and local travelers, however, the Covid 19 pandemic halted travel. Due to the tense situation in Europe, Lithuania still does not receive a larger number of tourists from foreign countries. Hospitality businesses use variety of means to engage, attract, and encourage local people to travel. Gastronomic tourism is one of such measures, as Lithuania can offer travelers quality local food, interesting national dishes with deep traditions, various food festivals and events. Originality of the research - the article analyzes results of research, discusses ways of attracting local tourists introducing more variety in gastronomic tourism. Practical implications are based on research findings and could be used by local travel agencies creating new gastronomic tourism products.

A global analysis of COVID-19 impact on agriculture

Background:The world has been facing a major crisis developed by the pandemic of Covid-19, which has made an impact on all spheres of human life. Every business sector and industry has been facing a difficult period, which seems to continue for some period of time. The primary aim of this study was to look at the global impact of Covid-19 on the agriculture sector all around the globe. To collect relevant data and information, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted by following a qualitative research design, which means that no empirical research was conducted. So, after reviewing a range of literature on the impact of Covid-19, it was found that like many other sectors, the agriculture sector has also been hit hard by the pandemic of Covid-19. Things have been going through a difficult period, and even then, lockdown is being lifted in different parts of the world, the situation is still under dark skies. The global food supply chain, agricultural product supply, agricultural activity along farming has been largely affected, which has also made a negative impact on the income of farmers. So, it is time for policymakers to think deep to see weaknesses and vulnerabilities to deal with this negative global impact. Objectives: 1. To find out the global impact of Covid-19 on the agriculture sector. 2. To analyse the global change in food supply and agricultural product supply. Methods:The primary aim of this study was to look at the global impact of Covid-19 on the agriculture sector and its relevant sectors all around the world. The paper is looking into some relevant matters like how Covid-19 has made an impact on the agricultural supply chain, food supply chain, damage to agricultural export, as well as, effects on farming & farmers. It was also aimed to see how the agricultural income of farmers has been affected by the pandemic along with the effects on the value of the agricultural products. The overall food system of the world is dependent on the agriculture sector, and if things would be out of order in this sector, it was obvious to have an impact on other relevant sectors. So, the paper has taken a comprehensive review of literature based on recent research studies and data generated after the beginning of Covid-19 way back in December 2019. It is important to mention here that a lot of research data has been generated in the last year regarding the negative impact of Covid-19 on human life in so many ways. A lot of debate is based around the concepts of the social and economic impact of Covid-19, so this paper has dedicated its focus to reviewing the literature with regards to the agriculture sector. This study is based on a qualitative research design, where a literature review is used to collect information, and then making analysis to come up with some useful information to conclude findings. Results:Growing nations, fifteen from Africa followed by ten from Latin America, six from Oceania, and four from Asia, are the most susceptible to modifications that happened in the supply shocks in recent times. It concludes that the contemporary pandemic is likely to cause transitory food insecurity across such prone nations. Conclusions: They need to find alternative ways to keep things on the right track even when a pandemic comes harder at them. It is critical to mention here that a lot of negative global impact of Covid-19 on agriculture has been identified in this study;still, there is no systematic evidence and reasons to look at real-time data and results. So, policymakers should be closely looking at these systems and policy gaps to ensure they are better prepared next time. When enough dosage of the vaccine will be available for the masses, and this hard period will be over, it would be a time for policymakers and think tanks to sit together, review their weak points, and come up with a strong policy with the right direction to keep the world safe from such kind of pandemic in the future.